CURRENT AFFAIRS

 1. What is the name of the largest global nuclear emergency drill being conducted from June 24, 2025, in partnership with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Romania?

A) Nuclear Power-2025 

B) ConvEx-3 (2025)

C) Global Shield 

D) Rescue Operation

Answer:- B) ConvEx-3 (2025)

2. What is the primary objective of the "Green India Digital Mission" launched by the Government of India in 2025?

A) Providing free mobile phones to farmers 

B) Introducing digital learning in schools 

C) Using AI for digital mapping of forests and environmental conservation 

D) Launching 5G services in smart cities 

Correct Answer :- C) Using AI for digital mapping of forests and environmental conservation 

3.What was the retail inflation rate in India in June 2025?

A) 3.2%

B) 2.8%

C) 2.5%

D) 2.1%

Correct Answer:- D) 2.1%

4. The Bharat Semiconductor Mission announced in 2025 aims to promote

A) Space Tourism 

B) Chip Manufacturing 

C) Electric Vehicles 

D) Renewable Energy 

Correct Answer: B) Chip Manufacturing

5. In 2025, which breakthrough technology did India emphasize to boost its agricultural productivity sustainably? 

A) Drone-based crop monitoring

B) AI-powered soil analysis

C) Genetically modified drought-resistant seeds

D) Solar-powered irrigation systems

 

Correct Answer/సరైన సమాధానం:- B) AI-powered soil analysis

6. Which Indian city hosted the 2025 International Film Festival?

A) Mumbai

B) Chennai 

C) kolkata 

D) Goa 

Correct Answer:- D) Goa

7.How much value (in rupees) of development projects did PM Modi inaugurate or lay foundation stones for during his visit to five states from September 13-15, 2025?

A) ₹50,000 crore

B) ₹71,850 crore

C) ₹30,000 crore

D) ₹100,000 crore

Correct Answer:- B) ₹71,850 crore

 

8. Which scheme has been launched by the Government of India for waste management in 200 cities?

భారత ప్రభుత్వము 200 నగరాల్లో చెత్త నిర్వహణకు ఏ కార్యక్రమాన్ని (scheme) ప్రారంభించింది?

A) Swachh Bharat Mission

B) Smart Cities Mission

C) Swachh Shehar Jodi

D) National Urban Waste Scheme

Correct Answer / సరైన సమాధానం:- C) Swachh Shehar Jodi

9.

COMPUTER

1. In which field is the term "Normalization" commonly used?

A) Operating Systems

B) Data Structures

C) Database Management Systems (DBMS)

D) Computer Networks

Correct Answer :- C) Database Management Systems (DBMS)

2. Which protocol is used to send emails?

A) HTTP

B) FTP

C) SMTP

D) IP

Answer:- C) SMTP

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is indeed the standard protocol for sending email.

 

3. Which of the following types of memory is the fastest from the CPU’s point of view?

A) RAM

B) Cache

C) Hard Disk

D) Virtual Memory

Correct Answer:-

B) Cache - Cache is the fastest memory accessible directly by the CPU

Explanation:-

Cache: This is a very small and extremely fast type of memory located closest to the CPU. It stores data that the CPU frequently needs.

When the CPU looks for any data, it first checks the cache. If the data is found there (this is called a "cache hit"), the CPU can access it very quickly, which significantly improves system performance. Cache is hundreds of times faster than RAM.

Shortcut Trick:-

> "Close to CPU = Faster access"

Cache < RAM < Hard Disk (in speed)

Cache > RAM > Hard Disk (in cost)

4. Which of the following women is credited with writing the world’s first computer algorithm?

A) Grace Hopper 

B) Ada Lovelace 

C) Joan Clarke 

D) Hedy Lamarr 

Correct Answer:-

B) Ada Lovelace

Explanation:-

Ada Lovelace (1815–1852) is known as the "First Programmer."

She wrote an algorithm for the Analytical Engine, designed by Charles Babbage.

This laid the foundation for the coding we use today.

At that time, computers hadn't even been properly developed, but she conceptualized the algorithm in advance.

The Ada Programming Language is named after her and is used in the defense and aviation industries.

5. Which is the first programming language?

A) Python

B) C

C) FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation)

D) Java

Correct Answer:- C) FORTRAN

The first high-level programming language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation). It was developed in 1957 by a team at IBM led by John Backus.

6. Binary systemలో ఉపయోగించే సంఖ్యలు ఏవి?

A) 1 – 100 వరకు

B) 0 & 1 మాత్రమే

C) 1 – 10 వరకు

D) 0 – 9 వరకు

Correct Answer:- B) 0 & 1 మాత్రమే

కంప్యూటర్ భాషలో రెండు అంకెలే 0 & 1 ఇవే మొత్తం డిజిటల్ ప్రపంచానికి బేస్

7. The first electronic digital computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), weighed about 30 tons. It was completed in 1945. ENIAC was so large that it filled an entire room.

Weight:- Approximately 30 tons (or 60,000 pounds).

Size:- It occupied about 1,800 square feet of space.

Components:- Around 18,000 vacuum tubes, along with thousands of resistors, capacitors, and switches.

8. Which company developed the first computer mouse?

a) Microsoft

b) Xerox

c) IBM

d) Apple

Correct Answer:- b) Xerox

9.Which data structure is used for implementing recursion?

A) Queue

B) Linked List

C) Stack

D) Tree

Correct Answer:- C) Stack

Explanation:-

Recursion works by storing each function call until it completes. These calls are stored in the call stack, a special kind of stack data structure.

Every time a function calls itself:-

It gets pushed onto the stack.

When it finishes, it gets popped off.

This LIFO (Last In, First Out) behavior is exactly how a stack works.

Quick Tip for Learners:-

If you've ever hit a "stack overflow error", it's because recursion went too deep and the stack ran out of space.

10.

SITUATION QUESTIONS

1. Imagine you find a time machine, but you can only travel once, either to the past or the future. Plus, you can only stay there for 24 hours. Given these conditions, which time would you prefer to travel to the past or the future? What would you do during those 24 hours? What would be your main goal? Also, tell me why you would choose that particular time.

2.Imagine you've attended an interview and even got selected for the job. However, the job is against your personal values and preferences. But the salary the company is offering is very high. In such a situation, what would you do?

3.You are working in a team at the office. A small mistake you made caused a major issue at work. Because of that mistake, your entire team is facing difficulties. However, no one suspects that it happened because of you. In such a situation, what would you do? Would you take responsibility and admit the truth? Or would you remain silent and walk away?

4.What's the first thing that comes to your mind when you see a person riding a bike with their phone volume at 100% and music blasting from a speaker?

5.If time stopped for one day, where would our heart run to first?

6.Do you like getting wet in the rain?

Yes ❤️, No 🙅, Only tea & bajji in the rain 😋

7.

COMMERCE

1. What is the business called when goods are purchased and then resold without any modifications?

A) Manufacturing

B) Service

C) Trading ✔

D) Agriculture

Answer :- C) Trading

2.    What ratio measures a company's ability to pay off its short-term debts?

a) Solvency ratio 

b) Liquidity ratio ✔

c) Profitability ratio 

d) Activity ratio

correct answer :- b) Liquidity ratio 

Liquidity ratios = Short-term debt payment ability

Explanation:-

Liquidity ratios are a class of financial metrics used to determine a company's ability to pay off its short-term debt obligations. Short-term debts are those due within one year. Examples include the Current Ratio and Quick Ratio. A higher liquidity ratio generally indicates a company's financial health and its ability to cover its short-term liabilities.

3. Which law governs a Partnership firm?

A) Companies Act, 2013

B) Indian Contract Act, 1872

C) Indian Partnership Act, 1932   ✔

D) Trade Union Act

Correct Answer :- C) Indian Partnership Act, 1932

4. ‘Market Skimming’ strategy means

A) Attracting the mass market by setting a low price

B) Gradually reducing the prices over time

C) Setting a high price during the initial stage to earn maximum profits ✔

D) Distributing the products for free

Correct Answer:-

C) Setting a high price during the initial stage to earn maximum profits

Explanation:-

Market Skimming is a pricing strategy where a company sets a high initial price for a new or innovative product to "skim" the maximum profit from early adopters before gradually lowering the price to attract more price sensitive customers.

5.In marketing, what does “4Ps” mean?

A) Product, Price, Place, Promotion

B) Plan, Price, People, Profit

C) Product, People, Profit, Process

D) Plan, Place, Price, Promotion

Correct answer:- A) Product, Price, Place, Promotion

 

6. Where was the first Stock Exchange established and in which year?

A) London, 1700 

B) Amsterdam, 1602 

C) Paris, 1724 

D) New York, 1792

 

Correct Answer:- B) Amsterdam, 1602

7. The largest component of India’s imports is usually

a) Petroleum products

b) Machinery

c) Gems & Jewellery

d) Textiles

Correct Answer:- a) Petroleum products

8. The principle of “Caveat Emptor” means:

a) Let the buyer beware

b) Let the seller beware

c) No profit, no loss

d) Equal treatment of partners

Correct Answer:- a) Let the buyer beware

9. Which of the following is a money market instrument?

క్రిందివాటిలో ఏది మనీ మార్కెట్ ఇన్‌స్ట్రుమెంట్?

A) Shares (షేర్లు)

B) Debentures (డిబెంచర్లు)

C) Treasury Bills (ట్రెజరీ బిల్స్)

D) Bonds (బాండ్లు)

Correct Answer/సరైన సమాధానం:- C) Treasury Bills (ట్రెజరీ బిల్స్)

10.

AGRICULTURE

1. The Green Revolution in India primarily focused on the improvement of which of the following?

A) Fruit production

B) Animal husbandry
C) Cereal crop production ✔

D) Horticulture

Correct Answer:- C) Cereal crop production  

2. What is the important gas that plants use in the process of photosynthesis?

A) Oxygen 
B) Nitrogen 
C) Carbon Dioxide     ✔
D) Hydrogen 

Correct Answer:- C) Carbon Dioxide

3. What is the method called in which crops are grown alternately to preserve soil health and increase crop yield?

a) Monoculture 
b) Mixed Cropping
c) Crop Rotation     ✔
d) Intercropping

Correct Answer: c) Crop Rotation 

4.When is National Agriculture Day celebrated in India?

A) March 23 
B) December 23      ✔

C) August 15 

D) November 5 

Correct Answer:- B) December 23

5. "Azolla" is useful in crops for which purpose?

a) Pest control

b) Fodder crop

c) Nitrogen fixation  ✔

d) Increasing soil softness

Correct Answer:- c) Nitrogen fixation 

6. No Farmer, No Food, No Future

7. What does the term Mycorrhiza refer to?

A) Pest control

B) Grass cultivation

C) Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants ✔

D) Water management

correct answer is:

C) Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots 

Explanation:-

Mycorrhiza refers to a mutually beneficial association between fungi and plant roots.

The fungus provides the plant with water and minerals.

The plant supplies the fungus with food (carbohydrates like glucose and sucrose).

8. Which agricultural practice helps to conserve soil?

a) Overgrazing

b) Terrace Farming ✔

c) Deforestation

d) Excess Irrigation

Correct Answer:- b) Terrace Farming

9. Which of the following is a Rabi crop?

a) Paddy 

b) Sugarcane

c) Mustard ✔

d) Cotton 

Correct Answer:-

c) Mustard 

10.The scientific study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification, and mapping is known as:

భూమి పైభాగంలో ఉన్న నేలను సహజ వనరుగా అధ్యయనం చేయడం, అందులో నేల ఏర్పాట్లు, వర్గీకరణ, మ్యాపింగ్‌లను కలిగి ఉండే శాస్త్రీయ అధ్యయనాన్ని ఏమని అంటారు?

a) Agronomy (అగ్రోనమీ)

b) Horticulture (హార్టికల్చర్)

c) Pedology (పెడాలజీ) ✔

d) Entomology (ఎంటమాలజీ)

 

Answer:- c) Pedology (పెడాలజీ)

11.

 

 

 

 

 

  

MATHS

1. Which of the following is NOT a rational number?

A) 3/7

B) 0.333...

C) √9

D) √7     ✓

Explanation:

D) √7:- The square root of 7 is a non-terminating and non-repeating decimal. It cannot be expressed in the form of p/q. Therefore, it is an irrational number, and thus not a rational number.

2.Which of the following is not a polynomial?

A) x2+3x+5

B) 4x3−7x+2

C) 1/x +2x    ✓

D) x4+x2+1

Correct Answer:- C) 1/x +2x

Explanation:-

A polynomial is an expression where the powers (exponents) of the variable(s) are all non-negative integers (i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, ...).

Options A, B, and D are all polynomials because the powers of xxx in each term are whole numbers (non-negative).

Option C contains 1/x​, which is equivalent to x^{-1}, and this is a negative power. Hence, it is not a polynomial.

3. In a pair of linear equations, what does the "Elimination Method" mean?

A. Eliminating one variable to find the other  ✓

B. Drawing a graph 

C. Adding the values 

D. Classifying the two equations

Correct Answer:-

A. Eliminating one variable to find the other

Explanation :-

Eliminate" means to remove or get rid of something.

In this method, we eliminate one variable from the equations.

By doing so, we can find the value of the other variable.

Then, we substitute that value into one of the original equations to find the second variable as well.

Example

x + y = 10 ---(1)           

x – y = 4  ---(2)             

---------                         

2x=14.                         

--------

x=14/2            

x=7

x+y=10

7+y=10

y=10-7

y =3

 

x=7, y=3        

4. If the sum and product of roots are 5 and 6 respectively, then the equation is:

 A) x² – 5x + 6 = 0 ✓

B) x² + 5x + 6 = 0

C) x² – 6x + 5 = 0

D) x² – 11x + 30 = 0

Correct Answer:-

 x² – 5x + 6 = 0

Sum of roots (α + β) = 5

Product of roots (α × β) = 6

Quadratic equation with roots α and β is always formed as:

 x^2 - (α+β)x + (αβ) = 0

  α + β = 5

 α × β = 6

 quation:-

 x^2 - (5)x + 6 = 0

  x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0

 Verification :-

 Let's see what the roots of this equation are:

 x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0

 Factoring:

(x - 2)(x - 3) = 0

 x = 2, 3

 Sum = 2 + 3 = 5

 Product = 2 × 3 = 6 

5. In an arithmetic progression, the 4th term is 18 and the 7th term is 30. What is the first term (a)?

A. 6   ✓

B. 8

C. 10

D. 12

Solution:-

We know that:

A₄ = a + 3d = 18

A₇ = a + 6d = 30

Subtracting the two equations:

(a + 6d) – (a + 3d) = 30 – 18

⇒ 3d = 12

⇒ d = 4

Now,

A₄ = a + 3×4 = 18 ⇒ a + 12 = 18 ⇒ a = 6

Correct answer: A) 6

6. A product costs ₹600. First, a 10% discount is given. After that, another 20% discount is applied. What is the final price?

A) Rs.420

B) Rs.432

C) Rs.440

D) Rs.450

Original price = ₹600

First 10% discount on ₹600 =

600 × 10/100 = ₹60

Price after the first discount =

600 – 60 = ₹540

Now, on the remaining ₹540, a 20% discount =

540 × 20/100 = ₹108

Price after the second discount =

540 – 108 = ₹432

So, after both discounts, the final price of the product = ₹432.

7. For an angle, if cosθ= 3/5 (in the first quadrant), what is tanθ=?

A)3/4

B)4/3

C)5/3

D)3/5

Correct Answer:- B) 4/3

sin²θ + cos²θ = 1

sin²θ=1-cos²θ

(cosθ=3/5 => cos²θ=9/25)

sin²θ=1-9/25

sin²θ=16/25

sinθ=√16/25

sinθ=4/5

tanθ=sinθ/cosθ

tanθ=(4/5)/(3/5)

tanθ=4/5*5/3

tanθ=4/3

8.Sita walks 4 km east, then 3 km north. How far is she from the starting point?

సీత 4 కి.మీ తూర్పు వైపు నడిచింది, తర్వాత 3 కి.మీ ఉత్తర దిశలో నడిచింది. ఇప్పుడు ఆరంభ స్థానం నుంచి ఆమె ఎంత దూరంలో ఉంది?

A) 5 km (5 కి.మీ)

B) 6 km (6 కి.మీ)

C) 7 km (7 కి.మీ)

D) 4 km (4 కి.మీ)

సమాధానం/Answer:- A) 5 km (5 కి.మీ)

Explanation:–

Pythagoras Theorem

Hypotenuse² = Side² + Side²

      = 4² + 3²

      = 16 + 9

Hypotenuse² = 25

Hypotenuse   = √25

Hypotenuse   = 5 km

వివరణ:-

పైథాగరస్ సూత్రం:-

కర్ణము^2= భుజము^2+భుజము^2

              =4^2+3^2

              =16+9

కర్ణము^2=25

కర్ణము   =√25

కర్ణము   = 5

దూరం= 5 కిలో మీటర్లు 

9.If sin θ + cos θ = √2, then the value of sin θ × cos θ is:

sin θ + cos θ = √2 అయితే, sin θ × cos θ విలువ ఎంత?

A) 0

B) 1/2

C) 1/4

D) 1

Answer:- B) 1/2

Explanation:-

(sin θ + cos θ)² = 2

⇒ sin² θ+cos² θ+2 sin θ cos θ=2

⇒ 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ = 2

⇒ 2 sin θ cos θ = 1

⇒ sin θ cos θ = 1/2

10.